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What must all private passenger vehicles have on the front and rear?

  1. Bumpers

  2. Spoilers

  3. Mirrors

  4. Lights

The correct answer is: Bumpers

All private passenger vehicles must have bumpers on the front and rear. Bumpers serve as crucial components designed to absorb impact during low-speed collisions, helping to protect both the vehicle and its occupants as well as reducing damage to other vehicles and property in the event of an accident. Their presence is mandated by safety regulations, ensuring that vehicles can withstand minor impacts without sustaining significant damage. While mirrors, spoilers, and lights might be important for different aspects of vehicle functionality and safety, they are not universally required on both the front and rear of all private passenger vehicles in the same way that bumpers are. Mirrors are essential for visibility while driving, but they are typically mounted on the sides of the vehicle rather than the front and rear. Spoilers may enhance the vehicle's aerodynamics and aesthetics but are not a safety requirement. Lights are vital for visibility during nighttime driving and for signaling to other drivers, but they are not required to be on both the front and rear as a structural safety feature like bumpers are.